A discretionary decision based on decision makers' values is described as what?

A discretionary decision based on decision makers' values is accurately described as personal philosophies. This concept highlights how individual beliefs, attitudes, and values can significantly influence decision-making processes within various contexts, particularly in legal and judicial matters. Personal philosophies encompass a person's moral and ethical views, which guide their choices when faced with discretion in their roles, such as judges, prosecutors, or law enforcement officials.

The other options relate to different aspects of decision-making and law. Objective reasoning refers to making decisions based on facts and evidence without being influenced by personal feelings, which contrasts with the idea of values driving decisions. Legal precedents typically involve prior judicial decisions that influence or guide future cases, focusing on established interpretations of the law rather than individual values. Similarly, case law is the body of law established through the outcomes of court cases, based on statutes and legal principles, rather than personal philosophies. This understanding underscores why personal philosophies is the most suitable answer in this context.