The informal and formal exchange of information between the prosecutor and the defense attorney prior to trial is called what?

The process in which the prosecutor and the defense attorney share information prior to trial is known as discovery. This is a crucial stage in the legal process that ensures both parties are aware of the evidence and arguments that will be presented. Discovery allows the defense to prepare their case effectively and is essential to upholding the rights of the defendant, particularly the right to a fair trial. Both sides can exchange documents, witness lists, and other pertinent information, which can lead to a more efficient trial and may sometimes even facilitate plea bargaining or settlements before the trial begins.

Engaging in discovery helps to prevent surprises in court, fosters transparency, and encourages dialogue between the parties involved, which is essential for the adversarial system to function properly. In contrast, interrogation refers to the questioning of witnesses or suspects, testimony is the formal evidence given by a witness under oath, and negotiation typically pertains to discussions aimed at reaching an agreement, often in the context of plea deals or settlements rather than the exchange of evidence.